Electronic device and method for wireless communication, and computer-readable storage medium

ABSTRACT

Provided are an electronic device and method for wireless communication, and a computer-readable storage medium. The electronic device comprises a processing circuit configured to: determine the first power limiting region of the first primary user of a main system, wherein the first power limiting region is a three-dimensional space defined by the directional beams of the first primary user to the third primary user of the main system; and determine one or more secondary users in the first power limiting regions.

The application claims the priority to Chinese Patent Application No.201910105319.3, titled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION. AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM”, filed on Feb. 1,2019 with the China National Intellectual Property Administration, whichis incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wirelesscommunications, and in particular to the protection of primary users ina scenario where primary users and secondary users coexist. Morespecifically, the present disclosure relates to an electronic apparatusand a method for wireless communications and a computer-readable storagemedium.

BACKGROUND

With the rapid development of wireless technology, availableelectromagnetic spectrums are becoming increasingly crowded. However,for some licensed frequency bands, such as TV broadcasting frequencyband and millimeter wave frequency band, the spectrum utilization rateis still very low. In recent years, as a typical application ofcognitive radio, dynamic spectrum access technology becomes a researchhotspot, opening up a new way to improve the spectrum utilization rate.In the case of adopting the dynamic spectrum access, authorized users,that is, primary users (PU) and secondary users (SU) share spectrumresources in a licensed frequency band.

For example, millimeter waves are electromagnetic waves having awavelength ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm and having a frequency rangingfrom 30 GHz to 300 GHz. Compared with waves in low frequency bands, themillimeter wave transmission has characteristics such as an extremelywide bandwidth, an extremely narrow beam, a higher path loss. How tomore effectively use the millimeter wave frequency band and how toallocate spectrum resources reasonably and efficiently to avoid harmfulinterferences to authorized users, that is, the primary users, duringthe use of the spectrum resources by secondary users, are issuesrequired to be resolved in sharing the millimeter wave frequency band.

SUMMARY

In the following, an overview of the present disclosure is given simplyto provide basic understanding to some aspects of the presentdisclosure. It should be understood that this overview is not anexhaustive overview of the present disclosure. It is not intended todetermine a critical part or an important part of the presentdisclosure, nor to limit the scope of the present disclosure. An objectof the overview is only to give some concepts in a simplified manner,which serves as a preface of a more detailed description describedlater.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an electronicapparatus for wireless communications is provided. The electronicapparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry isconfigured to: determine a first power limited zone for a first primaryuser in a primary system, where the first power limited zone is athree-dimensional space defined by a directional beam from the firstprimary user to a third primary user in the primary system; anddetermine one or more secondary users in the first power limited zone.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method forwireless communications is provided. The method includes: determining afirst power limited zone for a first primary user in a primary system,where the first power limited zone is a three-dimensional space definedby a directional beam from the first primary user to a third primaryuser in the primary system; and determining one or more secondary usersin the first power limited zone.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an electronicapparatus for wireless communications is provided. The electronicapparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry isconfigured to: obtain, from a spectrum management device, information ofa power limited zone of a primary user and information of a maximumallowable emitting power of a secondary user, where the power limitedzone of the primary user corresponds to a three-dimensional spacecovered by a directional beam of the primary user; determine, based on aposition of the secondary user, whether the secondary user is located inthe power limited zone; and limit emitting power of the secondary userto be below the maximum allowable emitting power in a case that thesecondary user is located in the power limited zone.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method forwireless communications is provided. The method includes: obtaining,from a spectrum management device, information of a power limited zoneof a primary user and information of a maximum allowable emitting powerof a secondary user, where the power limited zone of the primary usercorresponds to a three-dimensional space covered by a directional beamof the primary user; determining, based on a position of the secondaryuser, whether the secondary user is located in the power limited zone;and limiting emitting power of the secondary user to be below themaximum allowable emitting power in a case that the secondary user islocated in the power limited zone.

According to other aspects of the present disclosure, there are furtherprovided computer program codes and computer program products forimplementing the methods for wireless communications above, and acomputer readable storage medium having recorded thereon the computerprogram codes for implementing the methods for wireless communicationsdescribed above.

With the electronic apparatus and method according to the presentdisclosure, power limited zones for primary users are set to reduce therange of the secondary users to be considered, significantly reducingthe complexity and overhead of the spectrum management system, whileeffectively avoiding harmful interferences to the primary users.

These and other advantages of the present disclosure will be moreapparent by illustrating in detail a preferred embodiment of the presentdisclosure in conjunction with accompanying drawings below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To further set forth the above and other advantages and features of thepresent disclosure, detailed description will be made in the followingtaken in conjunction with accompanying drawings in which identical orlike reference signs designate identical or like components. Theaccompanying drawings, together with the detailed description below, areincorporated into and form a part of the specification. It should benoted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate, by way of example,typical embodiments of the present disclosure and should not beconstrued as a limitation to the scope of the disclosure. In theaccompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic example of a three-dimensional coexistencescenario of a primary system and a secondary system;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus for wireless communications according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of determining a power limited zone;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus for wireless communications according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a situation where multiple powerlimited zones overlap:

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an information procedure;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus for wireless communications according to another embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for wireless communications accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for wireless communications accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 shows a top view of a simulation scenario;

FIG. 11 shows an illustration diagram of simulation parameters setting;

FIG. 12 shows a graph of a simulation result;

FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a scenario where a millimeter wavefrequency band spectrum is shared in an urban environment;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematicconfiguration of a server to which the technology of the presentdisclosure may be applied;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a first example of an exemplaryconfiguration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied:

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a second example of an exemplaryconfiguration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of an exemplaryconfiguration of a smartphone to which the technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of an exemplaryconfiguration of a car navigation apparatus to which the technologyaccording to the present disclosure may be applied; and

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an exemplary block diagram illustratingthe structure of a general purpose personal computer capable ofrealizing the method and/or device and/or system according to theembodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be describedhereinafter in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For thepurpose of conciseness and clarity, not all features of an embodimentare described in this specification. However, it should be understoodthat multiple decisions specific to the embodiment have to be made in aprocess of developing any such embodiment to realize a particular objectof a developer, for example, conforming to those constraints related toa system and a service, and these constraints may change as theembodiments differs. Furthermore, it should also be understood thatalthough the development work may be very complicated andtime-consuming, for those skilled in the art benefiting from the presentdisclosure, such development work is only a routine task.

Here, it should also be noted that in order to avoid obscuring thepresent disclosure due to unnecessary details, only a device structureand/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to thepresent disclosure are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, andother details having little relationship to the present disclosure areomitted.

First Embodiment

In a coexistence scenario, spectrum resources of licensed spectrum maybe dynamically utilized among different wireless communication systems(including a primary system and a secondary system), and it is requiredto manage the dynamic usage of the spectrum resources. For example, acentral management device or a spectrum management device may bearranged to manage the usage of the spectrum resources by the wirelesscommunication systems in a region managed by the central managementdevice or the spectrum management device. In this application, the basestations and user equipment in the wireless communication systems arecalled users. The base stations and user equipment in the primary systemare called primary users, and the base stations and user equipment inthe secondary system are called secondary users. Generally, there aremultiple users in the region managed by the central management device orthe spectrum management device. The central management device reasonablyallocates available spectrum resources among these users, ensuringresource utilization efficiency and fairness, while ensuring thatcommunications of the primary users are not harmfully interfered by thepresence of the secondary users.

An example of the central management device or the spectrum managementdevice may refer to a spectrum access system (SAS) for a citizensbroadband radio service (CBRS). The main functional entities in the CBRSinclude citizens broadband radio service devices (CBSDs) and end userdevices (EUDs). The functional entities for spectrum management include,for example, an SAS, a spectrum management database (SMD), a groupspectrum coordinator (GSC), or the like.

In addition, since the beams on the millimeter wave band have gooddirectivity, the primary users, for example, may backhaul broadband databy using a directional antenna or an array antenna. FIG. 1 shows aschematic example of a three-dimensional coexistence scenario of aprimary system and a secondary system. As shown in FIG. 1, there is abackhaul link using millimeter wave communication between a macro basestation and each of small base stations in the primary system. Each ofthe secondary uses is arranged with a single antenna or a multi-antennaomnidirectional antenna. The secondary user may be, for example, a fixedwireless access point (base station), a pedestrian, a vehicle, anunmanned aerial vehicle, a user on different floors, or the like. In acase that a secondary user is located in a half-wave angle beam range ofa directional antenna of a primary user, the secondary user may produceharmful interferences to the primary user, that is, produce harmfulinterferences to the communication on a backhaul link. On the contrary,a secondary user located outside the half-wave angle beam range of thedirectional antenna of the primary user has a low probability to produceharmful interferences to the primary user.

It should be understood that FIG. 1 only shows an example of athree-dimensional coexistence scenario. The scenarios where the presentdisclosure may be applied are not limited thereto. The presentdisclosure may be applied to any coexistence scenarios where the primaryuser uses a directional antenna. In addition, the interfered link to beconsidered is not limited to the above mentioned backhaul link. Forexample, a communication link between the base station and userequipment in the primary system may also be considered.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 100 for wireless communications according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic apparatus 100includes: a first determination unit 101 and a second determination unit102. The first determination unit 101 is configured to determine a powerlimited zone for a first primary user in a primary system, where thefirst power limited zone is a three-dimensional space defined by adirectional beam from the first primary user to a third primary user inthe primary system. The second determination unit 102 is configured todetermine one or more secondary users in the power limited zone.

The first determination unit 101 and the second determination unit 102may be implemented by one or more processing circuitries, and theprocessing circuitry, for example, may be implemented as a chip or aprocessor. Moreover, it should be noted that, functional units in theelectronic apparatus shown in FIG. 2 are only logic modules which aredivided based on the specific functions thereof, and are not intended tolimit the implementations. This also applies to the examples of otherelectronic apparatuses to be described later.

The electronic apparatus 100, for example, may be arranged on a centralmanagement device side or a spectrum management device side or may becommunicatively connected to a central management device or a spectrummanagement device. In addition, the electronic apparatus 100 may bearranged on a core network side. The central management device or thespectrum management device may be implemented as various functionalentities, such as an SAS, a CxM, or a GSC in the CBRS architecture. Inthe CBRS architecture, the SAS may be configured to implement a part ofthe functions of the electronic apparatus 100, and the CxM may beconfigured to implement another part of the functions of the electronicapparatus 100, and so on. It should be understood that these are notlimited.

It should be further noted that the electronic apparatus 100 may beimplemented at a chip level or a device level. For example, theelectronic apparatus 100 may function as a central management device ora spectrum management device itself, and may further include an externaldevice such as a memory and a transceiver (not shown in FIG. 2). Thememory may store programs and related data information for implementingvarious functions by the central management device or the spectrummanagement device. The transceiver may include one or more communicationinterfaces to support communication with different devices (for example,a base station, another central management device or spectrum managementdevice, user equipment, or the like). The implementation of thetransceiver is not limited here.

It should be understood that “first”, “second”, and the like in termsare used only for distinguishing and describing, and do not representany meaning or an order.

For example, the first determination unit 101 may determine the powerlimited zone based on position information and antenna configurationinformation of the first primary user and the third primary user. Thescenario shown in FIG. 1 is still taken as an example. For example, themacro base station is a first primary user, and the small base stationis a third primary user. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of determininga power limited zone.

As shown in FIG. 3, the height of the first primary user is h₁, theheight of the third primary user is h₂, the half-wave angle of thedirectional beam transmitted by the first primary user and the half-waveangle of the directional beam transmitted by the third primary user areboth α, there is a backhaul link between the first primary user and thethird primary user, and the distance between the first primary user andthe third primary user is d_(PU). As shown in FIG. 3, a cone-shapedthree-dimensional space defined by the half-wave angle of thedirectional beam from the first primary user to the third primary useris the power limited zone. When the power limited zone is projected ontothe horizontal plane, an elliptical region S shown by the dotted line isobtained. It should be understood that the power limited zone may beobtained by performing calculation based on position information, suchas a height and horizontal coordinates, of the first primary user andthe third primary user, and antenna configuration information, such as ahalf-wave angle of a directional antenna, of the first primary user andthe third primary user. For example, the area of the elliptical region Smay be calculated by using the following equation:

$\begin{matrix}{{S = {\pi \cdot \frac{{h_{1} \cdot \sin}\;\alpha}{2\mspace{14mu}{\cos\left( {\beta + {\alpha\text{/}2}} \right)}\mspace{14mu}{\cos\left( {\beta - {\alpha\text{/}2}} \right)}} \cdot \frac{h_{1} \cdot d_{PU}}{h_{1} - h_{2}} \cdot {\tan\left( \frac{\alpha}{2} \right)}}}{{{where}\mspace{14mu}\beta} = {{\arccos\left\lbrack {\left( {h_{1} - h_{2}} \right)\text{/}d_{PU}} \right\rbrack}.}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

FIG. 3 further shows a power limited zone of the third primary user.Since the height of the third primary user is lower than the height ofthe first primary user in FIG. 3, the power limited zone of the thirdprimary user is in the air. In addition, FIG. 3 shows a cross section ofthe power limit zone at a height, and there is an unmanned aerialvehicle as a secondary user in the cross section.

The second determination unit 102 may be, for example, configured todetermine whether the secondary user is located within the power limitedzone based on at least location information of the secondary user.

In another embodiment, the power restriction zone may not be calculatedexplicitly. The second determination unit 102 is configured to calculatean angle between a connection line from the first primary user to thethird primary user and a connection line from the first primary user tothe secondary user, and determine that the secondary user is located inthe power limited zone in a case that the calculated angle is less thanhalf of a lobe width (that is, a half-wave angle) of the directionalbeam.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 100 for wireless communications according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. Compared with the electronic apparatus 100 shownin FIG. 2, the electronic apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 4 further includesa limitation unit 103. The limitation unit 103 is configured to limitemitting power of one or more secondary users in the power limited zonebased on a communication quality requirement of the primary system.

In the coexistence scenario, the secondary system may use the spectrumresources under the premise of ensuring the communication qualityrequirement of the primary system. In this embodiment, the electronicapparatus 100 determines the power limited zone, and limits the emittingpower of the secondary users located in the power limited zone, limitingthe cumulative interferences of the secondary users to the primary userswithin an allowable range, and thereby ensuring the communicationquality of the primary system. In addition, the secondary systems to beconsidered are limited to the secondary systems located in the powerlimited zone, reducing the complexity and overhead of spectrummanagement.

For example, the limitation unit 103 may be configured to calculate amaximum interference power acceptable to the first primary user based onthe communication quality requirement of the primary system, such as adesired signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), and calculate amaximum allowable emitting power for each of the secondary users locatedin the power limited zone based on the maximum interference power.

The maximum interference power acceptable to the first primary user maybe calculated based on various communication system models. An exampleis shown below.

It is assumed that a signal to interference and noise ratio threshold ofthe first primary user is SINR_(PU) ^(th) which may be determined basedon the QoS (such as, a bit error rate) required by the primary systemand the coding and modulation manner adopted by the transceiver of theprimary user. The emitting power of the first primary user is P_(PU)^(Tx), the receiving power of the first primary user is P_(PU) ^(Rx),the emitting antenna gain of the first primary user is G_(Tx), thereceiving antenna gain of the first primary user is G_(Rx), and Nrepresent the noise power. The maximum interference power I acceptableto the first primary user is expressed as the following equation:

$\begin{matrix}{I_{th} = {\frac{P_{PU}^{Rx}}{{SINR}_{PU}^{th}} - N}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

These interferences come from secondary users in the power limited zone.Assuming that a distance between a secondary user in the power limitedzone and the first primary user is d_(PU) ^(SU) and the path losscoefficient is n, the following equation (3) should be meet.

I _(th) >=P _(SU) ^(Tx) ·G _(Rx)·(4πd _(PU) ^(SU)/λ)^(−n)  (3)

In a case that there is only one secondary user located in the powerlimited zone, the maximum allowable emitting power of the secondary usermay be calculated by using the following equation:

$\begin{matrix}{P_{SU}^{\max} = \frac{I_{th}}{G_{Rx} \cdot \left( {4\pi\; d_{PU}^{SU}\text{/}\lambda} \right)^{- n}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

In a case that there are multiple secondary users located in the powerlimited zone, the limitation unit 103 is configured to allocate, in acase of ensuring that maximum cumulative interferences by the secondaryusers to the first primary user do not exceed the maximum interferencepower, maximum interference power that can be produced by each of thesecondary users to the first primary user, and calculate, based on themaximum interference power, the a maximum allowable emitting power foreach of the secondary users. Taking the equation (4) as an example, thenumerator is a maximum interference power the corresponding secondaryuser can be produced which is allocated to the secondary user.

In an embodiment, the maximum interference power may be evenly allocatedto each of the multiple secondary users. For example, it is assumed thatthere are totally N_(SU) secondary users in the power limited zone, andmaximum interference power that each of the N_(SU) secondary users canproduce to the primary user is I_(th)/N_(SU). Still taking equation (4)as an example, a maximum allowable emitting power of each of thesecondary users is calculated by using the following equation:

$\begin{matrix}{P_{{SU}_{i}}^{\max} = \frac{I_{th} \cdot w_{i}}{G_{Rx} \cdot \left( {4\pi\; d_{PU}^{{SU}_{i}}\text{/}\lambda} \right)^{- n}}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

where P_(SU) _(i) ^(max) represents a maximum emitting power of an i-thsecondary user in the power limited zone; d_(PU) ^(SU) ^(i) represents adistance between the i-th secondary user and the primary user;w_(i)=1/N_(SU), w_(i) represents a weight of harmful interferences tothe primary user for backing off emitting power of each of the secondaryusers, and w₁=w₂= . . . =w_(N) _(SU) since the power backoff values ofthe secondary users are the same in this case.

In another embodiment, the maximum interference power may be allocatedbased on the type of the secondary user or the power adjustmentcapability of the secondary user. Since the types of secondary users maybe different, for example, the secondary users may be base stations oruser equipment. The capabilities (or ranges) for the secondary user toadjust the emitting power are also different. Therefore, the harmfulcumulative interferences to the primary user may be allocated to thesecondary users based on the types or power adjustment capabilities ofthe secondary users. In this case, if the maximum emitting power of eachof the secondary users is calculated by using equation (5), each of thesecondary users has its own weight w_(i), and the weights of thesecondary users may be different.

The maximum allowable emitting power of each of the secondary users isadjusted based on a type of the secondary user in the power limitedzone, and the communication performance of each of the secondary usersmay be improved as much as possible under the premise of ensuring thecommunication quality of the first primary user, increasing the numberof the accessible secondary users in the power limited zone. It shouldbe understood that the secondary user may include a base station in asecondary system and/or user equipment in the secondary system.

In addition, in a case that the first primary user and the secondaryusers are arranged with multiple antennas (such as an array antenna),assuming that the receiver of the first primary user may use aninterference suppression matrix for reception and the channel matrixbetween the transmitter of the secondary user and the receiver of thefirst primary user is H₁, the maximum allowable emitting power of thesecondary user may be calculated by using the following equation(assuming that there is only one secondary user located in the powerlimited zone):

$\begin{matrix}{P_{SU}^{\max} = \frac{I_{th}}{{{tr}\left( {H_{1}^{H} \cdot H_{1}} \right)} - \left( {4\pi\; d_{PU}^{SU}\text{/}\lambda} \right)^{- n}}} & (6) \\{{{where}\mspace{14mu} I_{th}} = {\frac{P_{PU}^{Rx}}{10^{{SINR}_{th}^{PU}\text{/}10}} - N}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

The definitions of the symbols in equations (6) and (7) are the same asthe definitions of the symbols in equations (2) and (4) described above,and are not repeated herein. In a case that there are multiple secondaryusers located in the power limited zone, a maximum allowable emittingpower of each of the secondary users is calculated by using thefollowing equation:

$\begin{matrix}{P_{SU}^{\max} = \frac{I_{th} \cdot w_{i}}{{{tr}\left( {H_{1}^{H} \cdot H_{1}} \right)} \cdot \left( {4\pi\; d_{PU}^{SU}\text{/}\lambda} \right)^{- n}}} & (8)\end{matrix}$

It should be noted that the above descriptions and the followingdescriptions are also applicable to the case where the primary user andthe secondary user are arranged with an array antenna.

There is also a case where a secondary user is located in an overlappingpart of power limited zones of multiple primary users. As shown in FIG.5, a primary user with a height of h₁ on the right (referred to as afirst primary user) has a first power limited zone in consideration of abackhaul link between the first primary user and a primary user with aheight of h₂ (referred to as a third primary user), a primary user witha height of h₃ on the left (referred to as a second primary user) has asecond power limited zone in consideration of a backhaul link betweenthe second primary user and a primary user with a height of h₄ (referredto as a fourth primary user), and the first power limited zone and thesecond power limited zone have an overlapping part. A secondary userlocated in the overlapping part may produce harmful interferes to thefirst primary user and the second primary user. Therefore, the maximumallowable emitting power of the secondary user located in theoverlapping part should be limited according to the requirements of boththe first primary user and the second primary user.

First, a first power limited zone for the first primary user isdetermined as described above, and a maximum allowable emitting power(for distinction, the maximum allowable emitting power is called a firstmaximum allowable emitting power) of each of secondary users located inthe first power limited zone is calculated. Similarly, a second powerlimited zone for the second primary user is determined, and a secondmaximum allowable emitting power of each of secondary users located inthe second power limited zone is calculated. The second power limitedzone is a three-dimensional space defined by the directional beam fromthe second primary user to the fourth primary user. In a case that thereis a particular secondary user located in an overlapping part of thefirst power limited zone and the second power limited zone, thelimitation unit 103 determines the smaller one of the first maximumallowable emitting power and the second maximum allowable emitting poweras the maximum allowable emitting power of the particular secondaryuser.

More generally, assuming that a secondary user may produce harmfulinterferences to M primary users, the maximum emitting power(respectively corresponding to the M primary users) of the secondaryuser is: P_(SU) ^(max) ¹ , P_(SU) ^(max) ² , . . . , P_(SU) ^(max) ^(M), and the maximum allowable emitting power of the secondary user isobtained by using the following equation:

P _(SU) ^(max)=min(P _(SU) ^(max) ¹ ,P _(SU) ^(max) ² , . . . ,P _(SU)^(max) ^(M) )  (9)

In addition, the limitation unit 103 may further be configured, for eachof the secondary users, to allocate spectrum resources to the secondaryuser and set emitting power for the secondary user based on the maximumallowable emitting power of the secondary user. For example, each of thesecondary users has a minimum emitting power with which the lowest QoSof the secondary user can be ensured. If the maximum allowable emittingpower is lower than the minimum emitting power, it indicates that thesecondary user cannot access in the network, and spectrum resources isnot to be allocated to the secondary user; otherwise spectrum resourcesmay be allocated to the secondary user. The limitation unit 103 setsemitting power for each of secondary systems to be lower than themaximum allowable emitting power.

On the other hand, the limitation unit 103 may further be configured todetermine the maximum number of secondary users allowed in the powerlimited zone, based on the minimum emitting power of each of thesecondary users in the power limited zone while ensuring a requirementfor QoS of the secondary user. If the number of secondary users in thepower limited zone exceeds the maximum number, the secondary usersproducing less interferences to the primary user may be allocated withspectrum resources preferentially. In this way, the spectrum utilizationefficiency can be improved, and the number of the accessed secondaryusers in the power limited zone can be increased.

As described above, the secondary users may be moving pedestrians,vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and so on. If a secondary usermoves, the spectrum allocation scheme may be adjusted. Thus, thelimitation unit 103 may be further configured to dynamically adjust thespectrum allocation and emitting power of the secondary user, in a casethat a state of the secondary users in the power limited zone changes bya predetermined degree. The state of the secondary users includes, forexample, the number of the secondary users in the power limited zone,the entry and exit of a secondary user to the power limited zone,changes in the emitting power of the secondary users, and changes in thecommunication quality requirements of the secondary users. If the stateof the secondary users changes to a predetermined degree, it indicatesthat the previous spectrum allocation scheme is no longer applicable andrequired to be adjusted.

In addition, to avoid frequent adjustments, improve the stability of thespectrum management system, and reduce system overhead, for example, ahysteresis parameter threshold may be set, and the spectrum allocationand the emitting power of the secondary users may be dynamicallyadjusted, in a case that a time period during which the state of thesecondary users in the power limited zone changes by the predetermineddegree exceeds the hysteresis parameter threshold. In this way, theinfluence caused by the rapid or reciprocating movement of the secondaryuser can be effectively eliminated.

On the other hand, in performing adjustments, spectrum allocation andemitting power of a secondary user with low mobility may be adjustedfirst, reducing the number of adjustments.

As described above, the maximum interference power acceptable to theprimary user is calculated based on the communication qualityrequirement of the primary system. To ensure the communication qualityof the primary system, a predetermined margin is added to thecommunication quality requirement in the above calculation. For example,if a desired SINR is used as the communication quality requirement, apredetermined margin may be added to the desired SINR. For example, ifthe desired SINR of the primary system is 25 dB, the maximuminterference power may be calculated based on a SINR of 27 dB which isobtained by adding a margin of 2 dB to the desired SINR. With thepredetermined margin, the possibility of adjusting the spectrumallocation scheme can be reduced in a case that a secondary user entersand exits the power limited zone.

In the above calculation, one or more of the following is required:position information of the primary users, antenna configurationinformation of the primary users, position information of the secondaryusers, antenna configuration information of the secondary users, movingtrajectory information of the secondary users, and service types. Theinformation may be obtained from a spectrum management database (SMD).That is, the primary users and the secondary users report respectiveinformation to the SMD and the SMD stores the information.

For ease of understanding, FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of aninformation procedure between a primary system (PS), a secondary system(SS), a coexistence manager (CxM), and an SMD. However, the informationprocedure is not limited to this and may be changed according to actualapplications. The functional entities involved are not limited to theCxM and SMD, and the information procedure shown in FIG. 6 is just anexample.

As shown in FIG. 6, the secondary system reports information about thesecondary users to the CxM. The information about the secondary usersincludes, for example, position information (may be three-dimensionalposition information), capability information, antenna configurationinformation, moving trajectory information, a service type and the like.The secondary users include base stations and user equipment in thesecondary system. The CxM transmits the information to the SMD.Similarly, the primary system reports information about primary users tothe SMD. The information about primary users includes, for example,position information, antenna configuration information,modulation/coding format and so on.

The CxM then sends a request for retrieving the information about theprimary users to the SMD, and receives the retrieved information aboutthe primary users. For each of the primary users, the CxM calculates aSINR threshold and determines a power limited zone based on theinformation of the primary user, such as the system configuration andQoS requirement of the primary user. Next, the CxM sends a request forretrieving information about an existed secondary user to the SMD andreceives the retrieved information about the existed secondary user. TheCxM determines whether the secondary user is located in a power limitedzone, and calculates a maximum allowable emitting power for thesecondary user located in the power limited zone based on the SINRthreshold of the primary user. The CxM compares a calculated minimumemitting power with which a requirement for a minimum QoS requirement ofthe secondary user is met with the maximum allowable emitting power ofthe secondary user, to determine whether the secondary user can accessthe spectrum of the primary user. That is, the coexistence solution inthe current scenario is determined. The CxM then sends the coexistencesolution to the secondary system. The coexistence solution may includeinformation such as the allocated channels and the maximum emittingpower. The CxM may dynamically adjust the coexistence solution inresponse to changes in the coexistence scenario.

In the above example, a spectrum management device calculates themaximum allowable emitting power for each of the secondary users in thepower limited zone based on the information of the current scenario,thereby determining the coexistence solution.

In another embodiment, the limitation unit 103 may be configured topre-calculate a maximum allowable emitting power of a secondary user ateach of positions in the power limited zone, based on at least a densityof the primary users in the primary system, a density of the secondaryusers in the primary system, and the communication quality requirementsof the primary system. The pre-calculation may be performed based on amodel-based simulation or based on an equation similar to equations (2)and (4).

The electronic apparatus 100 broadcasts the information of the powerlimited zone, such as the range of the three-dimensional space of thepower limited zone and the information of the maximum allowable emittingpower, to the secondary users, so that each of the secondary users mayadjust the emitting power according to a position of a secondary user.In this embodiment, the secondary user determines whether the secondaryuser is located in a power limited zone of a primary user, and sets oradjusts its own emitting power according to the power restrictionrequirement of the power limited zone.

In summary, with the electronic apparatus 100 according to theembodiment, a power limited zone for a primary user is set to reduce therange of the secondary users to be considered, significantly reducingthe complexity and overhead of the spectrum management system, improvingthe spectrum utilization efficiency, while effectively avoiding harmfulinterferences to the primary user.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 200 for wireless communications according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the electronicapparatus 200 includes: an obtaining unit 201, a determination unit 202,and a limitation unit 203. The obtaining unit 201 is configured toobtain, from a spectrum management device, information of a powerlimited zone of a primary user and information of a maximum allowableemitting power of a secondary user, where the power limited zone of theprimary user corresponds to a three-dimensional space covered by thedirectional beam of the primary user. The determination unit 202 isconfigured to determine, based on a position of the secondary user,whether the secondary user is located in the power limited zone. Thelimitation unit 203 is configured to limit emitting power of thesecondary user to be below the maximum allowable emitting power in acase that the secondary user is located in the power limited zone.

The determination unit 201, the determination unit 202, and thelimitation unit 203 may be implemented by one or more processingcircuitries, and the processing circuitry, for example, may beimplemented as a chip or a processor. Moreover, it should be noted that,functional units in the electronic apparatus shown in FIG. 7 are onlylogic modules which are divided based on the specific functions thereof,and are not intended to limit the implementations.

The electronic apparatus 200, for example, may be arranged on asecondary user side or may be communicatively connected to a secondaryuser. The secondary user may be a base station in a secondary system.The base station described in this application may also be a transmitreceive point (TRP) or an access point (AP). The secondary user may beuser equipment in the secondary system.

It should be noted that the electronic apparatus 200 may be implementedat a chip level or a device level. For example, the electronic apparatus200 may function as a base station or user equipment itself, and mayinclude an external device such as a memory and a transceiver (not shownin FIG. 7). The memory may be configured to store programs and relateddata information for implementing various functions by the base stationor the user equipment. The transceiver may include one or morecommunication interfaces to support communication with different devices(for example, other user equipment, other base stations or the like).The implementation of the transceiver is not limited here.

For example, the obtaining unit 201 may obtain the information through abroadcast message. The information may be calculated by a spectrummanagement device in the way described in the first embodiment. Therestrictions on the power limited zone and the maximum allowableemitting power in the first embodiment are also applicable to thisembodiment, and are not repeated herein.

The electronic apparatus 200 may provide one or more of positioninformation, antenna configuration information, moving trajectoryinformation, and service type of the secondary user to the spectrummanagement device.

With the electronic apparatus 200 according to the embodiment, theemitting power of the secondary user may be actively reduced based onthe power limited zone of the primary user and the power limitationrequirements for the secondary user, effectively avoiding harmfulinterferences to the primary user, and significantly reducing thecomplexity and overhead of the spectrum management system.

Third Embodiment

In the above description of embodiments of the electronic apparatusesfor wireless communications, it is apparent that some processing andmethods are further disclosed. In the following, a summary of themethods are described without repeating details that are describedabove. However, it should be noted that although the methods aredisclosed when describing the electronic apparatuses for wirelesscommunications, the methods are unnecessary to adopt those components orto be performed by those components described above. For example,implementations of the electronic apparatuses for wirelesscommunications may be partially or completely implemented by hardwareand/or firmware. Methods for wireless communications to be discussedblow may be completely implemented by computer executable programs,although these methods may be implemented by the hardware and/orfirmware for implementing the electronic apparatuses for wirelesscommunications.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for wireless communications accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method includes:determining a first power limited zone for a first primary user in aprimary system (S11), where the first power limited zone is athree-dimensional space defined by a directional beam from the firstprimary user to a third primary user in the primary system; anddetermining one or more secondary users in the first power limited zone(S12). The secondary user may include a base station and/or userequipment in a secondary system. The primary user and/or the secondaryuser may be arranged with an array antenna or a single antenna. Themethod may be performed on a spectrum management device side or acentral management device side.

For example, in step S11, the first power limited zone may be determinedbased on position information and antenna configuration information ofthe first primary user and the third primary user. In step S12, it maybe determined based at least on position information of the secondaryuser whether the secondary user is located in the first power limitedzone.

Alternatively, in step S12, an angle between a connection line from thefirst primary user to the third primary user and a connection line fromthe first primary user to the secondary user may be calculated, and itis determined that the secondary user is located in the first powerlimited zone in a case that the calculated angle is less than half of alobe width of the directional beam.

Although not shown in FIG. 8, the method may further include a step ofobtaining one or more of the following from a spectrum managementdatabase: position information of primary users, antenna configurationinformation of the primary users, position information of the secondaryusers, antenna configuration information of the secondary users, movingtrajectory information of the secondary users, and service types. Theinformation is used in various calculations and determinations in stepsS11. S12 and other steps.

As shown by a dashed line block in FIG. 8, the method may furtherinclude a step S13. In step S13, emitting power of the one or moresecondary users in the first power limited zone is limit based on acommunication quality requirement of the primary system. For example, afirst maximum interference power acceptable to the first primary usermay be calculated based on the communication quality requirement of theprimary system, and a first maximum allowable emitting power for each ofthe secondary users located in the first power limited zone iscalculated based on the first maximum interference power. Thecommunication quality requirement includes, for example, a desiredsignal to interference and noise ratio.

Specifically, a maximum interference power that each of the secondaryusers can produce to the first primary user may be allocated, whileensuring that maximum cumulative interferences produced by the secondaryusers to the first primary user do not exceed the first maximuminterference power, and the first maximum allowable emitting power foreach of the secondary users is calculated based on the maximuminterference power. The first maximum interference power may be equallyallocated among multiple secondary users, or the first maximuminterference power may be allocated based on the type or poweradjustment capability of the secondary users. If the first maximuminterference power is allocated based on the type or power adjustmentcapability of the secondary users, allocation weights may be set fordifferent secondary users.

In a case that there are power limited zones of multiple primary users,the maximum emitting power of a secondary user located in an overlappingpart of the multiple power limited zones may be determined as thesmallest one of the calculated maximum interference power respectivelycorresponding to the primary users.

As shown by another dashed line block in FIG. 8, the method furtherincludes a step S14. In step S14, for each of the secondary users,spectrum resources is allocated to the secondary user, and emittingpower of the secondary user is configured based on the first maximumallowable emitting power of the secondary user.

The method further includes dynamically adjusting spectrum allocationand emitting power of a secondary user, in a case that a state of thesecondary user in the first power limited zone changes by apredetermined degree.

To avoid frequent adjustments, a hysteresis parameter threshold may beset, and the spectrum allocation and the emitting power of the secondaryuser may be dynamically adjusted in a case that a time period duringwhich the state of the secondary users in the power limited zone changesby the predetermined degree exceeds the hysteresis parameter threshold.Spectrum allocation and emitting power of a secondary user with lowmobility may be adjusted first. In calculating the first maximuminterference power acceptable to the first primary user, a predeterminedmargin may be added to the communication quality requirement.

On the other hand, the maximum number of secondary users allowed in thefirst power limited zone may be determined based on the minimum emittingpower of each of the secondary users in the first power limited zonewhile ensuring a requirement for quality of service of the secondaryuser. If the number of secondary users in the first power limited zoneexceeds the maximum number, the secondary users producing lessinterferences to the first primary user may be allocated with spectrumresources preferentially.

In addition, a first maximum allowable emitting power of a secondaryuser at each of positions in the first power limited zone may bepre-calculated based on at least a density of the primary users in theprimary system, a density of the secondary users, and the communicationquality requirements. The information of the range of the first powerlimited zone and the information of the first maximum allowable emittingpower may be broadcasted to the secondary users, so that each of thesecondary users may adjust emitting power according to a position of thesecondary user.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for wireless communications accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method includes:obtaining information of a power limited zone of a primary user andinformation of a maximum allowable emitting power of a secondary userfrom a spectrum management device (S21), the power limited zone of theprimary user being corresponding to a three-dimensional space covered bya directional beam of the primary user; determining, based on a positionof the secondary user, whether the secondary user is located in thepower limited zone (S22); and limiting emitting power of the secondaryuser to be below the maximum allowable emitting power in a case that thesecondary user is located in the power limited zone (S23). The methodmay be performed on a secondary user side.

In step S21, the information may be obtained through a broadcastmessage. The secondary user may also provide one or more of positioninformation, antenna configuration information, moving trajectoryinformation, and service type of the secondary user to the spectrummanagement device.

It should be noted that the above methods may be performed incombination or separately. Details of the above methods are described indetail in the first to second embodiments, and are not repeated herein.

For ease of understanding, a simulation example is provided below. FIG.10 shows a top view of a simulation scenario. FIG. 11 shows anillustration of setting of parameters.

First, the influence of height difference between primary users andsecondary users on the maximum emitting power of secondary users isstudied based on the simulation. In the simulation scenario, it isassumed that there are 50 primary users, the heights of the primaryusers are randomly distributed in a range of 20 m and 100 m as shown inFIG. 11, and the heights of the secondary users are 1.5 m, 500 m, and1000 m, respectively. The maximum emitting power of the secondary usersis calculated respectively. It can be seen from the simulation resultthat as the height difference between a primary user and a secondaryuser increases, the maximum allowable emitting power of the secondaryuser is increased, that is, the limitation on the maximum emitting powerof secondary users is reduced. If the height difference between theprimary system and the secondary system reaches a threshold Δh_(th), theinterferences from the secondary user to the primary user may beignored, that is, it is unnecessary to limit the maximum emitting powerof the secondary user.

Secondly, the influence of different densities of the primary users onthe maximum emitting power of the secondary user is studied based on thesimulation. The number of the primary users in the simulation scenariois respectively set as 5, 50, and 500, then the density of the primaryusers in the simulation region is 5/km², 50/km², and 500/km²respectively. The simulation results show that in the scenarios withthree different densities of the primary users, the ratio of the totalarea of the power limited zones to the total area of the entiresimulation area is 0.2%, 7.2%, and 57.3%, respectively. It can be seenthat as the density of the primary users increases, the limitation onthe maximum emitting power of the secondary users increases, and themaximum allowable emitting power of the secondary users decreases.

Then, the case in which multiple secondary users are located in thepower limited zones is studied based on the simulation. The number ofthe secondary users in the power limited zones is configured to rangefrom 1 to 100. Assuming that each of the secondary users are equallyallocated with the cumulative interferences to the primary user, anaverage maximum allowable emitting power of the secondary user may becalculated. The simulation result is shown in FIG. 12. It can be seenthat as the number of the secondary users in the power limited zonesincreases, the average maximum allowable emitting power of the secondaryusers decreases.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a scenario where a millimeter wavefrequency band spectrum is shared in an urban environment. In thisscenario, the primary system is a backhaul network based on millimeterwaves. The emitting antenna and receiving antenna of the primary systemare arranged on the roofs of the buildings, and there is a certainheight difference between the emitting antenna and receiving antenna ofthe primary user. The transmitter and receiver of the primary userrespectively transmit and receive broadband data via a directionalantenna. Thus, a power limited zone is formed for one primary user ineach pair of primary users, and the maximum allowable emitting power ofthe secondary users located in the power limited zone is limited. Thesecondary user may be a pedestrian on the ground, a motor vehicle on theroad, a user on different floors of a building, and an unmanned aerialvehicle in the sky. The significant differences between the variouskinds of secondary users are as follows: 1) the heights of the differentkinds of secondary users are different; 2) the power back offcapabilities of the different kinds of secondary users are different.The secondary user may access in the same channel as the primary user ina case of meeting the protection requirements for the primary user.

Position information, antenna configuration information, and modulationformat information of the primary users are pre-stored in the spectrummanagement database. The system may calculate a SINR threshold value forthe primary user based on the information of the primary user, andcalculate maximum cumulative interferences acceptable to each of theprimary users. After entering the scenario, a secondary user firstreports position information, antenna configuration information, and soon to a coexistence manager (CxM), and the CxM transmits the informationto the spectrum management database. The CxM requests information ofsecondary users from the spectrum management database, and thencalculates maximum allowable emitting power for each of the secondaryusers under the premise of meeting the protection requirements for theprimary users. Since the types of the secondary users are different, thesecondary users have different power back off capabilities. The systemmay intelligently allocate power back-off values for different types ofsecondary users. For example, in this coexistence scenario, a powerback-off value of a mobile terminal of pedestrian may be lower than apower back-off value of another type of secondary user (such as awireless access point). Finally, for each of the secondary users, it isdetermined whether the secondary user may access in the same channel asthe primary user based on the maximum allowable emitting power of thesecondary user. Specifically, if a maximum allowable emitting power of asecondary user is greater than required emitting power (minimum emittingpower in the case of meeting a requirement for a minimum QoS) of thesecondary user, the secondary user may access in the channel of theprimary use; otherwise, the secondary user may not access in the channelof the primary use.

The technology according to the present disclosure is applicable tovarious products.

For example, the electronic apparatus 100 may be implemented by anytypes of servers, such as a tower server, a rack server and a bladeserver. The electronic apparatus 100 may be a control module installedin a server (such as an integrated circuit module including a singlechip, and a card or blade inserted into a slot of a blade server).

For example, the electronic apparatus 200 may be implemented as variousbase stations. The base station may be implemented as any type ofevolution Node B (eNB) or gNB (a SG base station). The eNB includes, forexample, a macro eNB and a small eNB. The small eNB may be an eNB, suchas a pico eNB, a micro eNB, and a home (femto) eNB, which covers a cellsmaller than a macro cell. The case for the gNB is similar to the above.Alternatively, the base station may be implemented as any other type ofbase station, such as a NodeB and a base transceiver station (BTS). Thebase station may include a body (which is also referred to as a basestation device) configured to control wireless communications; and oneor more remote radio heads (RRHs) arranged in a different position fromthe body. In addition, various types of user equipments may operate asthe base station by temporarily or semi-persistently executing a basestation function.

The electronic apparatus 200 may be implemented as various userequipments. The user equipment may be implemented as a mobile terminal(such as a smart phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC,a portable game terminal, a portable/dongle type mobile router, and adigital camera device), or an in-vehicle terminal (such as a carnavigation device). The user equipment may also be implemented as aterminal (which is also referred to as a machine type communication(MTC) terminal) that performs machine-to-machine (M2M) communication.Furthermore, the user equipment may be a wireless communication module(such as an integrated circuit module including a single chip) mountedon each of the terminals.

[Application Examples Regarding a Server]

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematicconfiguration of a server 700 to which the technology of the presentdisclosure may be applied. The server 700 includes a processor 701, amemory 702, a storage 703, a network interface (I/F) 704, and a bus 706.

The processor 701 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU)or a digital signal processor (DSP), and controls functions of theserver 700. The memory 702 includes random access memory (RAM) and readonly memory (ROM), and stores data and programs executed by theprocessor 701. The storage 703 may include a storage medium, such as asemiconductor memory and a hard disk.

The network interface 704 is a communication interface for connectingthe server 700 to a communication network 705. The communication network705 may be a core network such as an evolved packet core network (EPC)or a packet data network (PDN) such as the Internet.

The processor 701, the memory 702, the storage 703, and the networkinterface 704 are connected to each other via a bus 706. The bus 706 mayinclude two or more buses (such as a high-speed bus and a low-speed bus)having different speeds.

In the server 700 shown in FIG. 14, the first determination unit 101 andthe second determination unit 102 described with reference to FIG. 2,and the limitation unit 103 described with reference to FIG. 4 may beimplemented by the processor 701. For example, the processor 701 maydetermine secondary users in a power limited zone by performing thefunctions of the first determination unit 101 and the seconddetermination unit 102, and determine maximum allowable emitting powerfor each of the secondary users in the power limited zone by performingthe function of the limitation unit 103.

[Application Examples Regarding a Base Station] (First ApplicationExample)

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a first example of an exemplaryconfiguration of an eNB or gNB to which technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied. It should be noted that the followingdescription is given by taking the eNB as an example, which is alsoapplicable to the gNB. An eNB 800 includes one or more antennas 810 anda base station apparatus 820. The base station apparatus 820 and each ofthe antennas 810 may be connected to each other via a radio frequency(RF) cable.

Each of the antennas 810 includes a single or multiple antennal elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in a multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna), and is used for the base stationapparatus 820 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in FIG.15, the eNB 800 may include the multiple antennas 810. For example, themultiple antennas 810 may be compatible with multiple frequency bandsused by the eNB 800. Although FIG. 15 shows the example in which the eNB800 includes the multiple antennas 810, the eNB 800 may also include asingle antenna 810.

The base station apparatus 820 includes a controller 821, a memory 822,a network interface 823, and a radio communication interface 825.

The controller 821 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operatesvarious functions of a higher layer of the base station apparatus 820.For example, the controller 821 generates a data packet from data insignals processed by the radio communication interface 825, andtransfers the generated packet via the network interface 823. Thecontroller 821 may bundle data from multiple base band processors togenerate the bundled packet, and transfer the generated bundled packet.The controller 821 may have logical functions of performing control suchas radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management,admission control and scheduling. The control may be performed incorporation with an eNB or a core network node in the vicinity. Thememory 822 includes a RAM and a ROM, and stores a program executed bythe controller 821 and various types of control data (such as terminallist, transmission power data and scheduling data).

The network interface 823 is a communication interface for connectingthe base station apparatus 820 to a core network 824. The controller 821may communicate with a core network node or another eNB via the networkinterface 823. In this case, the eNB 800, and the core network node oranother eNB may be connected to each other via a logic interface (suchas an SI interface and an X2 interface). The network interface 823 mayalso be a wired communication interface or a wireless communicationinterface for wireless backhaul. If the network interface 823 is awireless communication interface, the network interface 823 may use ahigher frequency band for wireless communication than that used by theradio communication interface 825.

The radio communication interface 825 supports any cellularcommunication scheme (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) andLTE-advanced), and provides wireless connection to a terminal located ina cell of the eNB 800 via the antenna 810. The radio communicationinterface 825 may typically include, for example, a baseband (BB)processor 826 and an RF circuit 827. The BB processor 826 may perform,for example, encoding/decoding, modulating/demodulating, andmultiplexing/demultiplexing, and performs various types of signalprocessing of layers (such as L1, Media Access Control (MAC), Radio LinkControl (RLC), and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The BBprocessor 826 may have a part or all of the above-described logicalfunctions instead of the controller 821. The BB processor 826 may be amemory storing communication control programs, or a module including aprocessor and a related circuit configured to execute the programs.Updating the program may allow the functions of the BB processor 826 tobe changed. The module may be a card or a blade that is inserted into aslot of the base station apparatus 820. Alternatively, the module mayalso be a chip that is mounted on the card or the blade. Meanwhile, theRF circuit 827 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and anamplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna810.

As shown in FIG. 15, the radio communication interface 825 may includethe multiple BB processors 826. For example, the multiple BB processors826 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by the eNB 800.The radio communication interface 825 may include multiple RF circuits827, as shown in FIG. 15. For example, the multiple RF circuits 827 maybe compatible with multiple antenna elements. Although FIG. 15 shows theexample in which the radio communication interface 825 includes themultiple BB processors 826 and the multiple RF circuits 827, the radiocommunication interface 825 may also include a single BB processor 826and a single RF circuit 827.

In the eNB 800 shown in FIG. 15, a transceiver of the electronicapparatus 200 may be implemented by the radio communication interface825. At least a part of the functions may also be implemented by thecontroller 821. For example, the controller 821 may perform thefunctions of the obtaining unit 201, the determination unit 202 and thelimitation unit 203 to limit emission power of a secondary user.

(Second Application Example)

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a second example of the exemplaryconfiguration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied. It should be noted that the followingdescription is given by taking the eNB as an example, which is alsoapplied to the gNB. An eNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840, a basestation apparatus 850, and an RRH 860. The RRH 860 and each of theantennas 840 may be connected to each other via an RF cable. The basestation apparatus 850 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other viaa high speed line such as an optical fiber cable.

Each of the antennas 840 includes a single or multiple antennal elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and isused for the RRH 860 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shownin FIG. 16, the eNB 830 may include the multiple antennas 840. Forexample, the multiple antennas 840 may be compatible with multiplefrequency bands used by the eNB 830. Although FIG. 16 shows the examplein which the eNB 830 includes the multiple antennas 840, the eNB 830 mayalso include a single antenna 840.

The base station apparatus 850 includes a controller 851, a memory 852,a network interface 853, a radio communication interface 855, and aconnection interface 857. The controller 851, the memory 852, and thenetwork interface 853 are the same as the controller 821, the memory822, and the network interface 823 described with reference to FIG. 15.

The radio communication interface 855 supports any cellularcommunication scheme (such as LTE and LTE-advanced), and provideswireless communication to a terminal located in a sector correspondingto the RRH 86) via the RRH 860 and the antenna 840. The radiocommunication interface 855 may typically include, for example, a BBprocessor 856. The BB processor 856 is the same as the BB processor 826described with reference to FIG. 15, except that the BB processor 856 isconnected to an RF circuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connectioninterface 857. As show in FIG. 16, the radio communication interface 855may include the multiple BB processors 856. For example, the multiple BBprocessors 856 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used bythe eNB 830. Although FIG. 16 shows the example in which the radiocommunication interface 855 includes the multiple BB processors 856, theradio communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor856.

The connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the basestation apparatus 850 (radio communication interface 855) to the RRH860. The connection interface 857 may also be a communication module forcommunication in the above-described high speed line that connects thebase station apparatus 850 (radio communication interface 855) to theRRH 860.

The RRH 860 includes a connection interface 861 and a radiocommunication interface 863.

The connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860(radio communication interface 863) to the base station apparatus 850.The connection interface 861 may also be a communication module forcommunication in the above-described high speed line.

The radio communication interface 863 transmits and receives wirelesssignals via the antenna 840. The radio communication interface 863 maytypically include, for example, the RF circuit 864. The RF circuit 864may include, for example, a mixer, a filter and an amplifier, andtransmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840. The radiocommunication interface 863 may include multiple RF circuits 864, asshown in FIG. 16. For example, the multiple RF circuits 864 may supportmultiple antenna elements. Although FIG. 16 shows the example in whichthe radio communication interface 863 includes the multiple RF circuits864, the radio communication interface 863 may also include a single RFcircuit 864.

In the eNB 800 shown in FIG. 16, a transceiver of the electronicapparatus 200 may be implemented by the radio communication interface825. At least a part of the functions may also be implemented by thecontroller 821. For example, the controller 821 may perform thefunctions of the obtaining unit 201, the determination unit 202 and thelimitation unit 203 to limit emitting power of a secondary user.

[Application Examples Regarding User Equipment] (First ApplicationExample)

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of asmartphone 900 to which the technology according to the presentdisclosure may be applied. The smartphone 900 includes a processor 901,a memory 902, a storage 903, an external connection interface 904, acamera 906, a sensor 907, a microphone 908, an input device 909, adisplay device 910, a speaker 911, a radio communication interface 912,one or more antenna switches 915, one or more antennas 916, a bus 917, abattery 918, and an auxiliary controller 919.

The processor 901 may be, for example, a CPU or a system on a chip(SoC), and controls functions of an application layer and another layerof the smartphone 900. The memory 902 includes a RAM and a ROM, andstores a program executed by the processor 901 and data. The storage 903may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a harddisk. The external connection interface 904 is an interface forconnecting an external device (such as a memory card and a universalserial bus (USB) device) to the smartphone 900.

The camera 906 includes an image sensor (such as a charge coupled device(CCD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)), andgenerates a captured image. The sensor 907 may include a group ofsensors, such as a measurement sensor, a gyro sensor, a geomagnetismsensor, and an acceleration sensor. The microphone 908 converts soundsthat are inputted to the smartphone 900 to audio signals. The inputdevice 909 includes, for example, a touch sensor configured to detecttouch onto a screen of the display device 910, a keypad, a keyboard, abutton, or a switch, and receives an operation or information inputtedfrom a user. The display device 910 includes a screen (such as a liquidcrystal display (LCD) and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED)display), and displays an output image of the smartphone 900. Thespeaker 911 converts audio signals that are outputted from thesmartphone 900 to sounds.

The radio communication interface 912 supports any cellularcommunication scheme (such as LTE and LTE-advanced), and performs awireless communication. The radio communication interface 912 mayinclude, for example, a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914. The BBprocessor 913 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding,modulating/demodulating, and multiplexing/de-multiplexing, and performvarious types of signal processing for wireless communication. The RFcircuit 914 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter and anamplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna916. It should be noted that although FIG. 17 shows a case that one RFlink is connected to one antenna, which is only illustrative, and a casethat one RF link is connected to multiple antennas through multiplephase shifters may also exist. The radio communication interface 912 maybe a chip module having the BB processor 913 and the RF circuit 914integrated thereon. The radio communication interface 912 may includemultiple BB processors 913 and multiple RF circuits 914, as shown inFIG. 17. Although FIG. 17 shows the example in which the radiocommunication interface 912 includes the multiple BB processors 913 andthe multiple RF circuits 914, the radio communication interface 912 mayalso include a single BB processor 913 or a single RF circuit 914.

Furthermore, in addition to a cellular communication scheme, the radiocommunication interface 912 may support another type of wirelesscommunication scheme such as a short-distance wireless communicationscheme, a near field communication scheme, and a radio local areanetwork (LAN) scheme. In this case, the radio communication interface912 may include the BB processor 913 and the RF circuit 914 for eachwireless communication scheme.

Each of the antenna switches 915 switches connection destinations of theantennas 916 among multiple circuits (such as circuits for differentwireless communication schemes) included in the radio communicationinterface 912.

Each of the antennas 916 includes a single or multiple antenna elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna) and isused for the radio communication interface 912 to transmit and receivewireless signals. The smartphone 90 may include the multiple antennas916, as shown in FIG. 17. Although FIG. 17 shows the example in whichthe smartphone 900 includes the multiple antennas 916, the smartphone900 may also include a single antenna 916.

Furthermore, the smartphone 900 may include the antenna 916 for eachwireless communication scheme. In this case, the antenna switches 915may be omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 900.

The bus 917 connects the processor 901, the memory 902, the storage 903,the external connection interface 904, the camera 906, the sensor 907,the microphone 908, the input device 909, the display device 910, thespeaker 911, the radio communication interface 912, and the auxiliarycontroller 919 to each other. The battery 918 supplies power to blocksof the smart phone 900 shown in FIG. 17 via feeder lines that arepartially shown as dashed lines in FIG. 32. The auxiliary controller919, operates a minimum necessary function of the smart phone 900, forexample, in a sleep mode.

In the smart phone 900 shown in FIG. 17, the transceiver of theelectronic apparatus 200 may be implemented by the radio communicationinterface 912. At least a part of the functions may be implemented bythe processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919. For example, theprocessor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919 may perform the functionsof the obtaining unit 201, the determination unit 202 and the limitationunit 203 to limit emitting power of a secondary user.

(Second Application Example)

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematicconfiguration of a car navigation apparatus 920 to which the technologyaccording to the present disclosure may be applied. The car navigationapparatus 920 includes a processor 921, a memory 922, a globalpositioning system (GPS) module 924, a sensor 925, a data interface 926,a content player 927, a storage medium interface 928, an input device929, a display device 930, a speaker 931, a radio communicationinterface 933, one or more antenna switches 936, one or more antennas937, and a battery 938.

The processor 921 may be, for example a CPU or a SoC, and controls anavigation function and additional function of the car navigationapparatus 920. The memory 922 includes RAM and ROM, and stores a programthat is executed by the processor 921, and data.

The GPS module 924 determines a position (such as latitude, longitudeand altitude) of the car navigation apparatus 920 by using GPS signalsreceived from a GPS satellite. The sensor 925 may include a group ofsensors such as a gyro sensor, a geomagnetic sensor and an air pressuresensor. The data interface 926 is connected to, for example, anin-vehicle network 941 via a terminal that is not shown, and acquiresdata (such as vehicle speed data) generated by the vehicle.

The content player 927 reproduces content stored in a storage medium(such as a CD and a DVD) that is inserted into the storage mediuminterface 928. The input device 929 includes, for example, a touchsensor configured to detect touch onto a screen of the display device930, a button, or a switch, and receives an operation or informationinputted from a user. The display device 930 includes a screen such asan LCD or OLED display, and displays an image of the navigation functionor content that is reproduced. The speaker 931 outputs a sound for thenavigation function or the content that is reproduced.

The radio communication interface 933 supports any cellularcommunication scheme (such as LTE and LTE-Advanced), and performswireless communication. The radio communication interface 933 maytypically include, for example, a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit935. The BB processor 934 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding,modulating/demodulating and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and performvarious types of signal processing for wireless communication. The RFcircuit 935 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter and anamplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna937. The radio communication interface 933 may also be a chip modulehaving the BB processor 934 and the RF circuit 935 integrated thereon.The radio communication interface 933 may include multiple BB processors934 and multiple RF circuits 935, as shown in FIG. 18. Although FIG. 18shows the example in which the radio communication interface 933includes the multiple BB processors 934 and the multiple RF circuits935, the radio communication interface 933 may also include a single BBprocessor 934 and a single RF circuit 935.

Furthermore, in addition to a cellular communication scheme, the radiocommunication interface 933 may support another type of wirelesscommunication scheme such as a short-distance wireless communicationscheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless LAN scheme. Inthis case, the radio communication interface 933 may include the BBprocessor 934 and the RF circuit 935 for each wireless communicationscheme.

Each of the antenna switches 936 switches connection destinations of theantennas 937 among multiple circuits (such as circuits for differentwireless communication schemes) included in the radio communicationinterface 933.

Each of the antennas 937 includes a single or multiple antenna elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and isused by the radio communication interface 933 to transmit and receivewireless signals. As shown in FIG. 18, the car navigation apparatus 920may include the multiple antennas 937. Although FIG. 18 shows theexample in which the car navigation apparatus 920 includes the multipleantennas 937, the car navigation apparatus 920 may also include a singleantenna 937.

Furthermore, the car navigation apparatus 920 may include the antenna937 for each wireless communication scheme. In this case, the antennaswitches 936 may be omitted from the configuration of the car navigationapparatus 920.

The battery 938 supplies power to the blocks of the car navigationapparatus 920 shown in FIG. 18 via feeder lines that are partially shownas dash lines in FIG. 18. The battery 938 accumulates power suppliedfrom the vehicle.

In the car navigation device 920 shown in FIG. 13, the transceiver ofthe electronic apparatus 200 may be implemented by the radiocommunication interface 912. At least a part of the functions may beimplemented by the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919. Forexample, the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919 may performthe functions of the obtaining unit 201, the determination unit 202 andthe limitation unit 203 to limit emitting power of a secondary user.

The technology of the present disclosure may also be implemented as anin-vehicle system (or a vehicle) 940 including one or more blocks of thecar navigation apparatus 920, the in-vehicle network 941 and a vehiclemodule 942. The vehicle module 942 generates vehicle data (such as avehicle speed, an engine speed, and failure information), and outputsthe generated data to the in-vehicle network 941.

The basic principle of the present disclosure has been described abovein conjunction with particular embodiments. However, as can beappreciated by those ordinarily skilled in the art, all or any of thesteps or components of the method and apparatus according to thedisclosure can be implemented with hardware, firmware, software or acombination thereof in any computing device (including a processor, astorage medium, etc.) or a network of computing devices by thoseordinarily skilled in the art in light of the disclosure of thedisclosure and making use of their general circuit designing knowledgeor general programming skills.

Moreover, the present disclosure further discloses a program product inwhich machine-readable instruction codes are stored. The aforementionedmethods according to the embodiments can be implemented when theinstruction codes are read and executed by a machine.

Accordingly, a memory medium for carrying the program product in whichmachine-readable instruction codes are stored is also covered in thepresent disclosure. The memory medium includes but is not limited tosoft disc, optical disc, magnetic optical disc, memory card, memorystick and the like.

In the case where the present disclosure is realized with software orfirmware, a program constituting the software is installed in a computerwith a dedicated hardware structure (e.g. the general computer 1900shown in FIG. 19) from a storage medium or network, wherein the computeris capable of implementing various functions when installed with variousprograms.

In FIG. 19, a central processing unit (CPU) 1901 executes variousprocessing according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM)1902 or a program loaded to a random access memory (RAM) 1903 from amemory section 1908. The data needed for the various processing of theCPU 1901 may be stored in the RAM 1903 as needed. The CPU 1901, the ROM1902 and the RAM 1903 are linked with each other via a bus 1904. Aninput/output interface 1905 is also linked to the bus 1904.

The following components are linked to the input/output interface 1905:an input section 1906 (including keyboard, mouse and the like), anoutput section 1907 (including displays such as a cathode ray tube(CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a loudspeaker and the like), amemory section 1908 (including hard disc and the like), and acommunication section 1909 (including a network interface card such as aLAN card, modem and the like). The communication section 1909 performscommunication processing via a network such as the Internet. A driver1910 may also be linked to the input/output interface 1905, if needed.If needed, a removable medium 1911, for example, a magnetic disc, anoptical disc, a magnetic optical disc, a semiconductor memory and thelike, may be installed in the driver 1910, so that the computer programread therefrom is installed in the memory section 1908 as appropriate.

In the case where the foregoing series of processing is achieved throughsoftware, programs forming the software are installed from a networksuch as the Internet or a memory medium such as the removable medium1911.

It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the memorymedium is not limited to the removable medium 1911 shown in FIG. 19,which has program stored therein and is distributed separately from theapparatus so as to provide the programs to users. The removable medium1911 may be, for example, a magnetic disc (including floppy disc(registered trademark)), a compact disc (including compact discread-only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disc (DVD), a magnetooptical disc (including mini disc (MD)(registered trademark)), and asemiconductor memory. Alternatively, the memory medium may be the harddiscs included in ROM 1902 and the memory section 1908 in which programsare stored, and can be distributed to users along with the device inwhich they are incorporated.

To be further noted, in the apparatus, method and system according tothe present disclosure, the respective components or steps can bedecomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinationsshall be regarded as equivalent solutions of the disclosure. Moreover,the above series of processing steps can naturally be performedtemporally in the sequence as described above but will not be limitedthereto, and some of the steps can be performed in parallel orindependently from each other.

Finally, to be further noted, the term “include”, “comprise” or anyvariant thereof is intended to encompass nonexclusive inclusion so thata process, method, article or device including a series of elementsincludes not only those elements but also other elements which have beennot listed definitely or an element(s) inherent to the process, method,article or device. Moreover, the expression “comprising a(n) . . . ” inwhich an element is defined will not preclude presence of an additionalidentical element(s) in a process, method, article or device comprisingthe defined element(s)” unless further defined.

Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been describedabove in detail in connection with the drawings, it shall be appreciatedthat the embodiments as described above are merely illustrative ratherthan limitative of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art canmake various modifications and variations to the above embodimentswithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is defined merely by theappended claims and their equivalents.

1. An electronic apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:processing circuitry, configured to: determine a first power limitedzone for a first primary user in a primary system, wherein the firstpower limited zone is a three-dimensional space defined by a directionalbeam from the first primary user to a third primary user in the primarysystem; and determine one or more secondary users in the first powerlimited zone.
 2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe processing circuitry is further configured to limit, based on acommunication quality requirement of the primary system, emitting powerof the one or more secondary users in the first power limited zone. 3.The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processingcircuitry is configured to determine the first power limited zone basedon position information and antenna configuration information of thefirst primary user and the third primary user.
 4. The electronicapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry isconfigured to determine, at least based on position information of asecondary user, whether the secondary user is located in the first powerlimited zone.
 5. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe processing circuitry is configured to calculate an angle between aconnection line from the first primary user to the third primary userand a connection line from the first primary user to the secondary user,and determine that the secondary user is located in the first powerlimited zone in a case that the calculated angle is less than half of alobe width of the directional beam.
 6. The electronic apparatusaccording to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to calculate, based on the communication quality requirementof the primary system, a first maximum interference power acceptable tothe first primary user, and calculate, based on the first maximuminterference power, a first maximum allowable emitting power for each ofthe secondary users located in the first power limited zone.
 7. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processingcircuitry is configured to allocate, in a case of ensuring that maximumcumulative interferences by the secondary users to the first primaryuser do not exceed the first maximum interference power, maximuminterference power that each of the secondary users is capable ofproducing to the first primary user, and calculate, based on the maximuminterference power, the first maximum allowable emitting power for eachof the secondary users.
 8. The electronic apparatus according to claim7, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to allocate the firstmaximum interference power equally among the secondary users, or whereinthe processing circuitry is configured to allocate the first maximuminterference power based on types or power adjustment capabilities ofthe secondary users. 9.-11. (canceled)
 12. The electronic apparatusaccording to claim 6, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: determine a second power limited zone for a secondprimary user in the primary system, wherein the second power limitedzone is a three-dimensional space defined by a directional beam from thesecond primary user to a fourth primary user in the primary system;determine one or more secondary users in the second power limited zone;and calculate, based on the communication quality requirement of theprimary system, a second maximum interference power acceptable to thesecond primary user, and calculate, based on the second maximuminterference power, a second maximum allowable emitting power for eachof the secondary users in the second power limited zone, wherein, theprocessing circuitry is configured to, in a case that a particularsecondary user is located in an overlapping region of the first powerlimited zone and the second power limited zone, determine a smaller oneof the first maximum allowable emitting power and the second maximumallowable emitting power as a maximum allowable emitting power of theparticular secondary user. 13.-14. (canceled)
 15. The electronicapparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processing circuitry isfurther configured to, for each of the secondary users, allocatespectrum resources to the secondary user and configure emitting powerfor the secondary user, based on the first maximum allowable emittingpower of the secondary user.
 16. The electronic apparatus according toclaim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured todynamically adjust spectrum allocation and emitting power of thesecondary users in the first power limited zone, in a case that a stateof the secondary users changes by a predetermined degree.
 17. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processingcircuitry is further configured to set a hysteresis parameter threshold,and dynamically adjust the spectrum allocation and the emitting power ofthe secondary user in the first power limited zone, in a case that atime period during which the state of the secondary users changes by thepredetermined degree exceeds the hysteresis parameter threshold, orwherein the processing circuitry is configured to preferentially adjustspectrum allocation and emitting power of a secondary user with lowmobility.
 18. (canceled)
 19. The electronic apparatus according to claim6, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to add a predeterminedmargin to the communication quality requirement in calculating the firstmaximum interference power acceptable to the first primary user.
 20. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the processingcircuitry is further configured to determine a maximum number of thesecondary users allowed in the first power limited zone, based on aminimum emitting power of each of the secondary users in the first powerlimited zone while ensuring a requirement for quality of service of thesecondary user, wherein the processing circuitry is configured topreferentially allocate spectrum resources to a secondary user producingless interferences to the first primary user, in a case that the numberof the secondary users in the first power limited zone exceeds themaximum number.
 21. (canceled)
 22. The electronic apparatus according toclaim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to pre-calculatea first maximum allowable emitting power of a secondary user at each ofpositions in the first power limited zone, based on at least a densityof the primary users in the primary system, a density of the secondaryusers, and the communication quality requirements, and broadcastinformation of a range of the first power limited zone and informationof the first maximum allowable emitting power to the secondary users sothat the secondary user sets the emitting power according to its ownposition.
 23. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theprocessing circuitry is configured to obtain one or more of thefollowing from a spectrum management database: position information ofprimary users, antenna configuration information of the primary users,position information of the secondary users, antenna configurationinformation of the secondary users, moving trajectory information of thesecondary users, and service types.
 24. An electronic apparatus forwireless communications, comprising: processing circuitry, configuredto: obtain, from a spectrum management device, information of a positionof a power limited zone of a primary user and information of a maximumallowable emitting power of a secondary user, wherein the power limitedzone of the primary user corresponds to a three-dimensional spacecovered by a directional beam of the primary user; determine, based on aposition of the secondary user, whether the secondary user is located inthe power limited zone; and limit emitting power of the secondary userto be below the maximum allowable emitting power, in a case that thesecondary user is located in the power limited zone.
 25. The electronicapparatus according to claim 24, wherein the processing circuitryobtains the information through a broadcast message.
 26. The electronicapparatus according to claim 24, wherein the processing circuitry isfurther configured to provide one or more of position information of thesecondary user, antenna configuration information of the secondary user,moving trajectory information of the secondary user, and service typesto the spectrum management device.
 27. A method for wirelesscommunications, comprising: determining a first power limited zone for afirst primary user in a primary system, wherein the first power limitedzone is a three-dimensional space defined by a directional beam from thefirst primary user to a third primary user in the primary system; anddetermining one or more secondary users in the first power limited zone.28.-29. (canceled)